He established his own studio in Hollywood 1923, and his first Mickey Mouse cartoons (Plane Crazy, which was silent, and Steamboat Willie, which had sound) appeared 1928. In addition to short cartoons, the studio later made feature-length animated films, including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 1938, Pinocchio 1940, and Dumbo 1941. Disney's cartoon figures, for example Donald Duck, also appeared in comic books worldwide. In 1955, Disney opened the first theme park, Disneyland, in California. Using the new medium of sound film, Disney developed the "Silly Symphony", a type of cartoon based on the close association of music with visual images. He produced these in colour from 1932, culminating in the feature-length Fantasia 1940. The Disney studio also made nature-study films such as The Living Desert 1953, which have been criticized for their fictionalization of nature: wild animals were placed in unnatural situations to create "drama". Feature films with human casts were made from 1946, such as The Swiss Family Robinson 1960 and Mary Poppins 1964. Disney also produced the first television series in colour 1961. At the end of 1995 Disney emerged as the leader in home-video sales, with an annual growth of 10%. The two biggest sellers were Lion King 1995 and the re-released Snow White. 1995 sales in the USA were above $2 billion for the first time.
